Flood discharge estimation from river channel dimensions: results of applications in Java, Burundi, Ghana and Tanzania

نویسندگان

  • G. WHARTON
  • J. J. TOMLINSON
  • J. J. Tomlinson
چکیده

The channel-geometry method is an indirect method of flood estimation which relies on the development of relations between flood discharges, measured at gauging stations, and channel dimensions, measured from natural river reaches in the vicinity of the gauge. Channel-geometry equations enable flood discharges to be estimated at ungauged locations on natural streams from measurements of channel size and by combining the index flood estimate (usually the mean annual flood) with regional flood growth factors. This paper reports on channel-geometry equations which have been developed and applied in four developing, tropical countries as part of hydrological investigations for road design and flood risk assessment (Java), irrigation and hydropower development (Burundi), design of all-weather roads (Ghana), and rehabilitation of railway bridges (Tanzania). The applications demonstrate the benefits of the channel-geometry method in situations where data on catchment characteristics are limited or may not offer the most appropriate basis for flood discharge estimation. Estimation d'un débit de crue à partir de la géométrie du chenal d'écoulement: applications et résultats à Java, au Burundi, au Ghana et en Tanzanie Résumé Cette méthode est fondée sur une corrélation entre les débits et les dimensions du chenal naturel à proximité d'une station de jaugeage. Grâce à cette méthode on peut estimer une indice de crue—habituellement la crue annuelle moyenne—pour des sites où les cours d'eau ne sont pas jaugés. Ce résultat est obtenu en utilisant la géométrie des chenaux d'écoulement associée à des facteurs d'accroissement régionaux. Dans l'article nous présentons les résultats spécifiques des équations développées et utilisées dans quatre pays tropicaux où des investigations hydrologiques ont été menées en vue de divers projets: Java, en Indonésie: assainissement d'une grande route; Burundi: projets d'irrigation et d'hydroélectricité; Ghana: tracé d'un réseau routier; Tanzanie: projet de réhabilitation de ponts de chemin de fer. Ces références ont démontré les avantages liés à l'application de cette méthode sur des sites où les données sont généralement insuffisantes.

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تاریخ انتشار 1999